![]() In contrast to most other causes of sensorineural hearing losses, noise-induced hearing loss may be less severe at 8 kHz than at 4 kHz. Hearing loss typically occurs first at 4 kHz and gradually spreads to the lower and higher frequencies as exposure continues. Repeated exposure to loud noise ultimately results in loss of hair cells in the organ of Corti. Although people vary somewhat in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, nearly everyone loses some hearing if they are exposed to sufficiently intense noise for an adequate time. More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their. Even before hearing loss can be documented, noise exposure can damage auditory neurons and their synapses on hair cells this damage is referred to as "hidden hearing loss" or "synaptopathy," and patients may notice difficulty hearing in noisy environments and have accelerated age-related hearing loss ( 1 Etiology reference Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1). In noise-induced hearing loss, the loss develops over time because of chronic exposure to noise > 85 decibels (dB-see ). The loss is usually temporary (unless there is also blast damage, which may destroy the tympanic membrane, ossicles, or both). In acoustic trauma, hearing loss results from exposure to a single, extreme noise (eg, a nearby gunshot or explosion) some patients develop tinnitus as well. ![]() Noise can cause sudden or gradual sensorineural hearing loss. It is estimated that about 30 million people in the US are exposed to injurious levels of noise on a daily basis. read more ), which is directly related to a combination of aging, noise exposure, and genetic factors. Older adults typically experience a progressive decrease in hearing ( presbycusis Presbycusis Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1). Adolescents are at risk from excessive exposure to noise, head trauma, or both. During childhood, another 2 to 3/1000 children acquire moderate to severe hearing loss. Two to 3 times as many are born with lesser hearing loss. ![]() About 1/800 to 1/1000 neonates are born with severe to profound hearing loss. More than 10% of people in the US have some degree of hearing loss that compromises their daily communication, making it the most common sensory disorder. Inconsistent study results: occasional alcohol use may be protective vs.Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1 General reference Worldwide, about half a billion people (almost 8% of the world's population) have hearing loss ( 1). Major barriers to improved hearing in older adults include lack of recognition of hearing loss perception that hearing loss is a normal part of aging or is not amenable to treatment and patient nonadherence with hearing aids because of stigma, cost, inconvenience, disappointing initial results, or other factors. Surgical implants are indicated for selected patients. Residual hearing should be optimized by use of hearing aids, assistive listening devices, and rehabilitation programs. Management of hearing loss is based on addressing underlying causes, especially obstructions (including cerumen) and ototoxic medications. Adults presenting with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss should be referred for urgent assessment. Audiometric testing is required to confirm hearing loss. Examination of the auditory canal and tympanic membrane can identify causes of conductive hearing loss. The history can identify risk factors for hearing loss, especially noise exposure and use of ototoxic medications. Older patients who admit to having difficulty hearing may be referred directly for audiometry. Office screening tests include the whispered voice test and audioscopy. Screening for hearing loss is recommended in adults older than 50 to 60 years. The most common type is age-related hearing loss however, many conditions can interfere with the conduction of sound vibrations to the inner ear and their conversion to electrical impulses for conduction to the brain. Men usually experience greater hearing loss and have earlier onset compared with women. Hearing loss affects approximately one-third of adults 61 to 70 years of age and more than 80 percent of those older than 85 years.
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